The development in nanobiotechnology area provides a great help to improve human life and cure lethal diseases such as cancer. Bone repair and bone replacement as a part of medical health, have benefited from the recent developments in this area, and have flourished rapidly during the last decades. With considerable increase in the number of techniques and biomaterials, it is vital to have a proper biomaterial and technique for specific clinical application. The aim of this book is to present a concise review of the best and most relevant original studies and techniques in the field that interact biomaterial and biological environment for medical purposes.